![]() The following example makes use of these conventions in setting out a narrow transcription.Ġ1 M: o:ka:y (.) what do you want to talk aboutĠ5 M. Thus, L01 refers to line number one and L25 refers to line number twenty-five, and so on. Line numbers in transcription extracts are referred to using the notation Lx, where L stands for ‘line’ and x is the relevant number. Punctuation marks are not used, with the exception of the apostrophe (e.g. where should I go), and for indicating relatively high volume and analytical labels as set out above. Sunday, Graham), the 1st person pronoun, I (e.g. Used to indicate some phenomenon that the transcriber does not want to struggle with or some non vocal actionĭraws attention to location of phenomenon of direct interest to discussionĬapital letters are not used except for proper nouns (e.g. Not a punctuation mark but a rising intonation contour Point at which the current utterance is overlapped by that transcribed belowĪsterisks indicate the alignment of the points where overlap ceases Micropause (comparable perhaps to an average syllable duration) 0.5 s 1.0 s <1.5 s They are essentially those outlined by Levinson (1983:369-370), with some minor modifications (Williamson, 1995). They can almost certainly be profitably used for a number of purposes. Having said this, I have found the following conventions to be particularly useful. ![]() ![]() Consequently, there are also several published transcription conventions. In the same way that the investigator’s purpose will influence the choice of whether or not a broad or narrow transcription is required, so different researchers will highlight different detailed features of talk as being important to their purpose. Narrow transcription Transcription conventions This will, therefore, demonstrate one way in which the same audio-recorded data can be represented differently. We will use an extract from a longer conversation between a mother (M) and her teenage daughter (K) to exemplify both a narrow and a broad transcription. We can understand this better by looking at a few examples. The chief distinction between these two approaches, therefore, is the fineness of the detail that is transcribed. If such detail is less important – perhaps because the analyst is more concerned with the overall gross structure of the conversation or the relative distribution of turns at talk amongst the participants – then a broad transcription may be sufficient. If, for example, the investigator is concerned with the minutiae of conversation such as which particular words are stressed, which words or utterances are spoken with increased loudness, the points at which the turns at talk overlap, how particular words and sounds are articulated, and so on, then a so-called narrow transcription may be required. There are several methods of transcribing conversational interaction and which one is used will depend on the analyst’s purpose. In order to analyze conversation (or indeed any talk-in-interaction) the audio-recorded data is typically transcribed into a written form that is amenable to analysis.
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